Class 6th sst Chapter 6 The Beginning of Indian Civilisation
Class 6th sst
# 📘 Chapter – 6
## The Beginning of Indian Civilisation
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### **Q.1 Why does the civilisation studied in this chapter have several names? Discuss their significance.**
**Ans.**
The civilisation is known by several names, mainly the **Indus Valley Civilisation** and the **Harappan Civilisation**.
* It is called the *Indus Valley Civilisation* because many important sites were found in the Indus River basin.
* It is called the *Harappan Civilisation* because Harappa was the first site to be discovered and excavated.
**Thus, different names reflect the location and discovery of this civilisation.**
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### **Q.2 Write a brief report (150–200 words) on the achievements of the Indus-Sarasvati civilisation.**
**Ans.**
The Indus-Sarasvati Civilisation, also known as the Harappan Civilisation, made remarkable achievements in many fields.
* **Urban Planning:** Cities were well-planned with grid-like streets and strong buildings.
* **Drainage System:** Advanced drainage and sanitation systems were developed.
* **Trade:** They had a wide trade network with regions like Mesopotamia.
* **Weights and Measures:** A standardised system was used for trade.
* **Craftsmanship:** Skilled in making pottery, jewellery and tools.
* **Script:** Developed a script, though it is still undeciphered.
**Thus, this civilisation was highly advanced and organised.**
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### **Q.3 Imagine you have to travel from Harappa to Kalibangan. What options are available? Estimate the time taken.**
**Ans.**
Different travel options during that time could be:
1. **By Foot:**
* Slowest method
* Distance: about 400–450 km
* Time: about 20–30 days
2. **By Bullock Cart:**
* Faster than walking
* Time: about 10–15 days
3. **By River:**
* Fastest option (if available)
* Time: about 5–7 days
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### **Q.4 What would surprise a Harappan person in a modern Indian kitchen?**
**Ans.**
A Harappan person would be surprised by:
1. **Electric appliances** like refrigerator and microwave
2. **Running water and taps**
3. **Gas stoves and ovens**
4. **Ready-made spices**
5. **Modern metal utensils**
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### **Q.5 List ornaments, gestures and objects still used today.**
**Ans.**
* **Ornaments:** Bangles, necklaces, earrings
* **Seals and Symbols:** Cultural symbols still used today
* **Terracotta toys:** Similar toys still found
* **Gestures:** “Namaste” greeting
* **Pottery and mirrors:** Still used in traditional forms
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### **Q.6 What mindset does the reservoir system at Dholavira reflect?**
**Ans.**
The reservoir system at Dholavira reflects a mindset of:
* Planning and foresight
* Water conservation
* Sustainability
It shows that people valued resource management and public welfare.
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### **Q.7 What do the wells at Mohenjo-daro indicate?**
**Ans.**
The large number of wells shows:
* Advanced urban planning
* Importance of clean water
* Good construction skills
* Focus on public hygiene
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### **Q.8 Do you agree that Harappans had a high civic sense?**
**Ans.**
Yes, the Harappans had a high civic sense because:
* Cities were well-planned
* Proper drainage systems existed
* Streets were clean and organised
* Public facilities were well maintained
**In comparison, modern cities still face sanitation and waste management challenges.**
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## ✨ Extra Questions
### **Q.1 What is civilisation?**
**Ans.** A civilisation is a complex society with urban development, technology, writing system and culture.
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### **Q.2 What is a tributary?**
**Ans.** A tributary is a river that joins a larger river.
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### **Q.3 What was the earliest civilisation of the Indian subcontinent?**
**Ans.** The Indus Valley Civilisation.
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### **Q.4 Major achievements of Indus Valley Civilisation:**
1. Well-planned cities
2. Advanced drainage system
3. Standardised weights and measures
4. Skilled craftsmanship
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### **Q.5 Full form of BCE:**
**Ans.** Before Common Era
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